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CKD Awareness Among US Adults by Future Risk of Kidney Failure
Chi D Chu1, Charles E McCulloch2, Tanushree Banerjee1
1Departments of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Summary
Many adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remain unaware of their condition, even those at high risk for kidney failure. Improving CKD awareness is crucial for better health outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects a significant portion of the adult population.
- CKD awareness is often low, particularly among individuals at higher risk of disease progression.
- Early detection and management of CKD are essential to prevent kidney failure.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the level of CKD awareness among adults with CKD G3-G4 based on their estimated 5-year risk of kidney failure.
- To compare CKD awareness with the awareness of other chronic conditions like hypertension and diabetes.
- To identify gaps in CKD awareness, especially in high-risk populations.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2016) including 3,713 nonpregnant adults with CKD G3-G4.
- Estimated 5-year kidney failure risk using the Kidney Failure Risk Equation.
- Assessed CKD awareness through self-report and compared it with awareness of hypertension and diabetes.
Main Results:
- CKD awareness in 2011-2016 was 49.0% for high-risk and 44.7% for intermediate-risk groups.
- Awareness levels for CKD remained stagnant over time and were consistently lower than for hypertension and diabetes.
- Awareness of hypertension and diabetes increased over the study period.
Conclusions:
- Approximately half of adults with CKD G3-G4 and high estimated kidney failure risk were unaware of their condition.
- A significant and persistent gap exists in CKD awareness, highlighting a critical public health challenge.
- Efforts to improve CKD awareness should target individuals identified as high-risk for kidney failure.
Keywords:
CKD awarenessChronic kidney disease (CKD)albuminuriadisease managementestimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)health literacykidney failure preventionnationally representative surveypatient empowermentpublic healthrenal functionrenal insufficiencyself-careurinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR)
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