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Update on the Neurobiology of Vascular Cognitive Impairment: From Lab to Clinic

Luisa Vinciguerra1, Giuseppe Lanza2,3, Valentina Puglisi1

  • 1Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, ASST Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 29, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a common cause of cognitive decline in older adults. Understanding VCI pathophysiology and identifying predictive markers are crucial for developing effective treatments and prevention strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a prevalent condition in the elderly, significantly impacting healthcare.
  • VCI is an umbrella term for vascular-related cognitive decline, posing substantial socioeconomic burdens.
  • Understanding the molecular and physiological underpinnings of VCI is critical for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of recent advancements in VCI research.
  • To explore the relationship between vascular lesions, cognitive function, and neuroplasticity.
  • To highlight potential biomarkers for predicting cognitive deterioration in at-risk individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent serological, cerebrospinal fluid, histopathological, imaging, and neurophysiological studies.
  • Analysis of molecular, biochemical, and electrophysiological abnormalities in VCI.
  • Examination of adaptive and maladaptive neuroplasticity in the context of VCI.

Main Results:

  • Growing literature on VCI pathophysiology, with correlations between abnormalities and disease progression.
  • Identification of potential markers for predicting cognitive decline in individuals with "brain at risk".
  • Insights into the complex interplay between vascular damage, cognition, and neuroplasticity.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in VCI research offer potential for preventing vascular and degenerative dementia.
  • Identifying predictive markers is vital for designing targeted therapeutic trials (pharmacological and non-pharmacological).
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate VCI mechanisms and translational implications for diagnosis and management.

Keywords:
biochemistrycognitionimagingneuropathologyneurophysiologyplasticitysmall vessel diseasetreatmentvascular dementia

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