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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
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Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning

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Assessing Participants' Experiences in a Service-Learning Program: A Psychometric Evaluation.

Laura T Colman1, Robyn K Sobelson1, Corinne J Wigington2

  • 1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.

Journal of Methods and Measurement in the Social Sciences
|April 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study developed and validated the Public Health Associate Program (PHAP) Service-Learning Scale (PSLS) to reliably measure participant experiences in health service-learning programs. The PSLS is a crucial tool for evaluating fellowship satisfaction and outcomes.

Keywords:
evaluationexploratory factor analysisscale developmentsurvey development

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Area of Science:

  • Health Professions Education
  • Program Evaluation
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Service-learning is essential for training the health workforce, but validated assessment tools are lacking.
  • Evaluating service-learning programs requires psychometrically sound instruments to ensure reliability and validity.
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Associate Program (PHAP) needed a tool to assess participant experiences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To psychometrically evaluate the Public Health Associate Program (PHAP) Service-Learning Scale (PSLS).
  • To establish the validity, reliability, and internal factor structure of the PSLS for assessing service-learning in health fields.
  • To provide a dependable instrument for evaluating participant satisfaction and experiences in fellowship programs.

Main Methods:

  • Survey development and psychometric evaluation of the PSLS.
  • Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to determine the scale's factor structure.
  • Reliability testing using Cronbach's alpha to assess internal consistency.

Main Results:

  • The final 22-item PSLS demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's α=.90).
  • EFA identified five factors: Learning Outcomes, Mentoring, Experiential Assignment, Self-Efficacy, and Program Satisfaction.
  • All subscales exhibited adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's α >.70).

Conclusions:

  • The PSLS is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating service-learning experiences in health-related fellowships.
  • This scale addresses a critical gap in the literature for assessing service-learning program effectiveness.
  • The PSLS can inform program development and enhance participant satisfaction in future health workforce training initiatives.