Maxillofacial Osteomyelitis in Immunocompromised Patients: A Demographic Retrospective Study

To retrospectively study the cases diagnosed with osteomyelitis of jaw in AMC Dental Hospital.

A total of 27 cases of osteomyelitis of jaw were analysed retrospectively from 2014 to 2018 at Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, AMC Dental Hospital, Ahmedabad, India.

Totally 27 cases of osteomyelitis were noted; 12 (44.44%) patients had involvement of maxilla, and 15 (55.55%) patients had involvement of the mandible. Twenty-one patients had underlying systemic disease, and 13 patients had history of substance abuse. The underlying aetiology in 20 patients was found due to odontogenic cause. There were only 3 patients having osteomyelitis without any underlying disease or any other predisposing factors.

Incidence of osteomyelitis and its outcome in the present study led to a better understanding of the aetiologic factors and its treatment. The results hypothesized a substantial correlation for onset of osteomyelitis with the underlying medical conditions and substance abuse. There was a higher correlation found between comorbid conditions and osteomyelitis of maxilla. Thorough study of the treatment revealed that conventional treatment plan is adequate for treating cases of osteomyelitis if the associated medical problem is also simultaneously treated and given due importance.