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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Retinal Diseases
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents are standard for diabetic macular edema (DME).
    • Monthly anti-VEGF injections present logistical challenges for patients.
    • Limited efficacy of anti-VEGF in clinical practice necessitates alternative treatments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate intravitreal corticosteroid implants as a long-term treatment for DME.
    • To compare the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of corticosteroid implants versus anti-VEGF agents.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of recent large-scale, randomized, controlled trials.
    • Analysis of pharmacokinetic advantages in vitrectomized eyes.
    • Assessment of side effect profiles and management.

    Main Results:

    • Intravitreal corticosteroid implants demonstrate long-term efficacy in DME treatment.
    • Implants block multiple inflammatory factors, offering sustained action (months to years).
    • Corticosteroid implants maintain bioavailability and efficacy in vitrectomized eyes, unlike anti-VEGF agents.

    Conclusions:

    • Intravitreal corticosteroid implants provide a convenient and efficacious long-term DME treatment.
    • Manageable side effects (cataracts, ocular hypertension) require monitoring.
    • Corticosteroid implants are a valuable alternative to frequent anti-VEGF injections for DME.