[Diabetes and COVID-19 infection]

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Endocrinology
• Public Health

Background:

• Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent chronic condition, particularly in older adults with comorbidities.
• Infections, including SARS-CoV-2, can exacerbate glycemic control in diabetic patients.
• Understanding the interplay between diabetes and viral infections is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the association between diabetes and SARS-CoV-2 infection risk.
• To assess the impact of diabetes on the severity and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
• To provide guidance on managing diabetes during acute infections.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of available epidemiological data on SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in diabetic versus non-diabetic populations.
• Review of clinical outcomes and disease severity in infected patients with and without diabetes.
• Synthesis of current recommendations for diabetes management during illness.

Main Results:

• Current data suggest diabetes is not a primary risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
• Diabetes is associated with a more severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection and increased risk of adverse outcomes.
• Poorly controlled diabetes can lead to secondary infections and hyperglycemia-related complications.

Conclusions:

• Diabetic patients require proactive management and monitoring during infections like SARS-CoV-2.
• Emphasis on maintaining adequate diabetic supplies, regular self-monitoring of blood glucose, and prompt medical consultation for glycemic imbalance or infection signs.
• Adjustments to antidiabetic therapy, including potential insulin use for persistent hyperglycemia, are vital for hospitalized patients.