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Mycobacterium bovis: From Genotyping to Genome Sequencing
Ana M S Guimaraes1, Cristina K Zimpel1,2
1Laboratory of Applied Research in Mycobacteria, Department of Microbiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, SP, Brazil.
Microorganisms
|May 8, 2020
Summary
Mycobacterium bovis causes bovine tuberculosis (bTB), a persistent challenge globally. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) offers advanced tools for bTB surveillance and control, but requires standardized methods for effective implementation.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Microbiology
- Epidemiology
- Genomics
Background:
- Mycobacterium bovis is a significant pathogen responsible for bovine, zoonotic, and wildlife tuberculosis (bTB).
- Current bTB control strategies, including test-and-slaughter and movement restrictions, face challenges, particularly in developing nations and areas with wildlife reservoirs.
- Genotyping techniques have aided M. bovis surveillance, but whole-genome sequencing (WGS) presents a more advanced approach.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review existing M. bovis genotyping techniques.
- To discuss the current standards and challenges associated with using M. bovis whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for molecular epidemiology.
- To identify research gaps for the standardized implementation of M. bovis WGS in bTB control programs.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of M. bovis genotyping and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) applications in tuberculosis control.
- Analysis of current standards and technical challenges in M. bovis WGS data analysis and interpretation.
- Compilation of research gaps relevant to the standardized use of WGS for bTB surveillance and transmission investigation.
Main Results:
- Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is increasingly recognized as a powerful tool for M. bovis outbreak response, contact tracing, and source identification.
- Technical challenges in data analysis and interpretation currently hinder the widespread adoption of M. bovis WGS as a routine molecular epidemiology tool.
- Standardization of WGS methods and data interpretation is crucial for its effective integration into bTB control programs.
Conclusions:
- The decreasing cost of WGS makes its application in bTB control programs inevitable.
- Addressing current technical and analytical challenges is essential for leveraging M. bovis WGS effectively.
- Further research is needed to establish standardized protocols for M. bovis WGS implementation in global bTB surveillance and control efforts.
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