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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Types of RNA01:23

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Leaky Scanning02:28

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Identification of Coding and Non-coding RNA Classes Expressed in Swine Whole Blood
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Review: Long non-coding RNA in livestock.

B Kosinska-Selbi1, M Mielczarek1,2, J Szyda1,2

  • 1Biostatistic Group, Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 7, Wrocław51-631, Poland.

Animal : an International Journal of Animal Bioscience
|May 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Pervasive transcription produces many non-coding RNAs. This review details long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in pigs, cattle, and poultry, highlighting their genomic annotation and functional importance in livestock.

Keywords:
cattlegenomic annotationnon-coding transcriptspigpoultry

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Collection and Processing of Lymph Nodes from Large Animals for RNA Analysis: Preparing for Lymph Node Transcriptomic Studies of Large Animal Species
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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Mammalian genomes feature pervasive transcription, generating numerous non-coding RNA molecules.
  • Non-coding RNAs, particularly long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), play crucial roles in gene regulation.
  • Advances in sequencing enable comprehensive analysis of cellular RNA molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge of lncRNAs in three key livestock species: pigs (Sus scrofa), cattle (Bos taurus), and poultry (Gallus gallus).
  • To analyze and compare lncRNA identification, annotation, and genomic distribution across these species.
  • To underscore the significance of lncRNA characterization for understanding genotype-phenotype relationships in farm animals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published studies on lncRNAs in livestock.
  • Analysis of data from biological databases, including NONCODE.
  • Comparative genomics and annotation of lncRNA loci.

Main Results:

  • Pigs have the most identified lncRNA transcripts, while cattle possess the most lncRNA genes in the NONCODE database.
  • Poultry records represent less than half of those for pigs and cattle.
  • Genomic annotation reveals lncRNAs are predominantly intronic in pigs and poultry, and intergenic in cattle, differing from human/mouse annotations due to data limitations.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are abundant and functionally significant in livestock genomes.
  • Current lncRNA annotation in livestock requires improvement and standardization.
  • Characterizing livestock lncRNAs is essential for advancing genomic studies and bridging the genotype-phenotype gap.