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Related Concept Videos

Generalized Anxiety Disorder01:30

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

560
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...
560
Anxiety: Overview01:18

Anxiety: Overview

775
Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
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Social Anxiety Disorder01:28

Social Anxiety Disorder

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Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
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Panic Disorder01:27

Panic Disorder

466
Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...
466
Anxiolytic Drugs: Overview01:26

Anxiolytic Drugs: Overview

919
Anxiolytic drugs are vital in managing anxiety disorders by effectively alleviating symptoms such as excessive fear, tachycardia, and tremors. There are several classes of anxiolytic medications, each with unique mechanisms of action and potential side effects.
Primary Types of Anxiolytic Drugs
1. Benzodiazepines:
Benzodiazepines bind to the GABA-A receptor in the brain, enhancing GABA's interaction. This action reduces neurotransmission, effectively blocking anxiety-associated limbic...
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Behavior Therapy01:22

Behavior Therapy

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Behavior therapy incorporates diverse techniques rooted in classical conditioning principles to address maladaptive behaviors and anxiety disorders. These methods aim to reduce avoidance behaviors, foster adaptive coping mechanisms, and alter associations between stimuli and responses, making them effective in a wide range of therapeutic contexts.
Exposure therapy is a cornerstone of behavioral treatment for anxiety disorders. It involves systematic exposure to feared stimuli, either in real...
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Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Revisited.

Mostafa Showraki1, Tiffany Showraki2, Kimberly Brown3

  • 1Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. drmshowraki@gmail.com.

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Summary

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) often encompasses social and performance anxiety, leading to panic disorder and major depressive disorder. Untreated GAD has an early onset and familial links, with later onset of related conditions.

Keywords:
GADGeneralized anxiety disorderPanic attacksPanic disorderPost-morbid depressionSocial anxiety

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) evolved from a residual category to a recognized anxiety pathway.
  • GAD is often defined by excessive worry but may encompass social anxiety and panic disorder.
  • Chronic, untreated GAD can lead to Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate the hypothesis that GAD includes social and performance anxiety, and extends to Panic Disorder (PD) and MDD.
  • To examine the onset and developmental course of GAD, PD, and MDD in a clinical sample.
  • To investigate the familial and genetic aspects of GAD.

Main Methods:

  • A clinical sample of 113 patients diagnosed with GAD was identified from 295 referrals.
  • The study expanded the definition of GAD to include performance and social situations, and panic attacks.
  • Onset and developmental course of GAD, PD, and MDD were examined.

Main Results:

  • An encompassing GAD, including performance and social anxiety, shows an early onset, primarily in adolescence.
  • Untreated GAD was associated with later onset of PD and MDD.
  • GAD demonstrated familial and genetic patterns, with post-morbid depression appearing reactive.

Conclusions:

  • GAD may serve as an umbrella diagnosis for various anxiety-related conditions.
  • Understanding the developmental trajectory of GAD is crucial for targeted interventions.
  • Findings suggest potential for improved treatment strategies for anxiety, panic, and depression.