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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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What If the Influenza Vaccine Did Not Offer Such Variable Protection?

Sarah M Bartsch1, Elizabeth A Mitgang1, Gail Geller2

  • 1Public Health Informatics, Computational, and Operations Research, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, New York City, New York, USA.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|May 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Reducing variability in influenza vaccine efficacy could avert millions of cases and billions in costs. Tailoring vaccines to individuals offers significant public health and economic benefits.

Keywords:
efficacyinfluenzamodeltailoringvaccination

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Influenza vaccine protection varies significantly among individuals due to factors like immune system differences and body types.
  • This variability raises questions about the value of personalized or tailored vaccine approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the impact of reducing variability in influenza vaccine responses across the population.
  • To inform policymakers, funders, and vaccine developers about the potential benefits of personalized influenza vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a compartment model for the United States.
  • Simulation of various influenza seasons to assess the impact of reduced vaccine response variability.

Main Results:

  • Uniform 30% vaccine efficacy averted 16.0-31.2 million cases and billions in costs, compared to 0-30% variability.
  • Uniform 50% efficacy averted 27.7-38.6 million cases and billions in costs, compared to 0-50% variability.
  • Uniform 70% efficacy averted 33.6-54.1 million cases and billions in costs, compared to 0-70% variability.

Conclusions:

  • Reducing variability in influenza vaccine efficacy can lead to substantial reductions in cases, medical costs, and productivity losses.
  • Efforts to develop more personalized or tailored influenza vaccines hold significant potential for public health improvement.
  • The study quantifies the economic and health impacts, providing valuable data for decision-making in vaccine development and policy.