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Measles virus persistence and its consequences

Diane E Griffin1

  • 1W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

Current Opinion in Virology
|May 11, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Measles virus clearance involves immune responses clearing infectious virus but leaving RNA. MeV RNA persistence can lead to long-term complications and immune suppression.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Measles virus (MeV) clearance is a complex immunological process.
  • Infectious MeV is typically cleared by the adaptive immune response, involving CD8+ T cells.
  • Failure of cellular immunity can result in severe complications like giant cell pneumonia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the distinct mechanisms and timelines of infectious measles virus versus viral RNA clearance.
  • To understand the implications of measles virus RNA persistence in lymphoid tissues.
  • To explore the role of MeV RNA persistence in the pathogenesis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and immune suppression.

Main Methods:

  • The abstract does not specify methods, focusing on the immunological processes of measles virus clearance.
  • Relies on established knowledge of adaptive immunity and viral pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Infectious measles virus is cleared efficiently by CD8+ T cells.
  • Measles virus RNA clearance is significantly slower, persisting in lymphoid tissues for months.
  • MeV RNA persistence is linked to subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and immune suppression.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct clearance kinetics exist for infectious MeV and MeV RNA.
  • Persistent MeV RNA contributes to long-term sequelae, including immune suppression and neurological disease.
  • Understanding these processes is crucial for managing measles and its complications.

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