Sellar Tumors.

Area of Science:

• Neuroimaging and Pathology
• Endocrinology
• Oncology

Background:

• The sellar region presents a complex array of lesions, including neoplastic and non-neoplastic entities.
• Many sellar region lesions have recently revised nomenclature or are newly described.
• Imaging features of sellar lesions are often less specific compared to other intracranial sites.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review common and rare lesions of the sellar region.
• To highlight the importance of histopathological diagnosis for sellar region lesions.
• To discuss pituitary adenomas, inflammatory lesions, and region-specific tumors like craniopharyngioma.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of sellar region lesions.
• Analysis of imaging characteristics and diagnostic challenges.
• Emphasis on histopathological correlation for accurate diagnosis.

Main Results:

• Sellar region lesions are diverse, ranging from pituitary adenomas to rarer tumors.
• Non-neoplastic inflammatory conditions also occur in the sellar region.
• Tumors such as schwannomas and metastases can involve the sellar area.

Conclusions:

• Accurate diagnosis of sellar region lesions relies heavily on histopathology.
• Understanding the differential diagnosis, including tumors unique to the region and those with broader localization, is essential.
• This review provides a comprehensive overview for clinicians and radiologists managing sellar region pathologies.