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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Microscopy Techniques01:22

Overview of Microscopy Techniques

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The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
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Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

Overview of Electron Microscopy

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The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
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Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

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A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
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Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
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Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

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Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been...
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Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Picometer-Precision Atomic Position Tracking through Electron Microscopy
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Microscope objective for imaging atomic strontium with 0.63 micrometer resolution.

I H A Knottnerus, S Pyatchenkov, O Onishchenko

    Optics Express
    |May 15, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed an open-source microscope objective for imaging and manipulating individual atoms. This versatile design achieves submicrometer resolution, crucial for quantum simulation and computation with neutral atoms.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atomic physics
    • Quantum optics
    • Condensed matter physics

    Background:

    • Precise imaging and manipulation of individual atoms are essential for advancing quantum simulation and computation.
    • Neutral atom systems offer a promising platform for these quantum technologies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present an open-source microscope objective design for imaging and manipulating neutral atoms.
    • To achieve submicrometer resolution for applications in quantum simulation and computation.

    Main Methods:

    • Designed a microscope objective using only off-the-shelf lenses.
    • Achieved diffraction-limited performance for 461 nm light.
    • Built and tested a prototype with a simple stacking design.

    Main Results:

    • The microscope objective is diffraction-limited for 461 nm light.
    • A prototype demonstrated a resolution of 0.63(4) µm, matching predicted values.
    • Near diffraction-limited performance was also observed for 532 nm light.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed microscope objective provides high resolution for atomic strontium.
    • This design is suitable for quantum gas microscopes and optical tweezer experiments.
    • The system is adaptable for experiments with other atomic species like erbium, ytterbium, and dysprosium.