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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrum01:23

Mass Spectrum

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A mass spectrum is the graphical representation of the relative abundance of the charged fragments in an analyte plotted against their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The plot's x-axis represents the ratio of the mass of the charged fragment to the number of charges it carries. The y axis of the plot represents the relative abundance of each charged species. The relative abundance is calculated from the signal intensity of each charged species recorded at the detector. The most intense signal (the...
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Inductive Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

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The protons in unsubstituted alkanes are strongly shielded with chemical shifts below 1.8 ppm. Methine, methylene, and methyl protons appear at approximately 1.7, 1.2 and 0.7 ppm, while the proton signal from methane appears at 0.23 ppm. An electronegative substituent, such as chlorine, withdraws the electron density from the protons, increasing their chemical shift. Progressive substitution of the hydrogens in methane by chlorine shifts the proton signals increasingly downfield, to 3.05 ppm in...
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Conformations of Ethane and Propane02:18

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In an organic molecule, free rotation about the carbon-carbon single bond results in energetically different conformers of the molecule. Due to this rotation, called the internal rotation, ethane has two major conformations — staggered and eclipsed.
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Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System FFS for the Quantification of Methane Emissions
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Methane Emissions from Gathering Compressor Stations in the U.S.

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  • 1Energy Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80524, United States.

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This study reveals U.S. natural gas gathering sector methane emissions are 34% lower than previously estimated. A new method using Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program data can annually update these crucial emission estimates.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Energy Sector Analysis

Background:

  • Sector-specific emission factors for the U.S. natural gas gathering sector were previously unavailable.
  • Existing estimates relied on limited data, potentially misrepresenting national emissions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate methane emissions for the U.S. gathering sector using a nationally representative measurement campaign.
  • To develop a replicable method for annually updating gathering sector emissions using activity data.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a measurement campaign at 180 gathering compressor stations.
  • Utilized data from 1705 partner stations and 15,895 reported compressors.
  • Integrated study emission data with 2017 Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP) activity data.

Main Results:

  • Whole gas emission rates from gathering station components were comparable to or higher than EPA GHGRP factors but lower than transmission station factors.
  • National methane emissions were estimated at 1290 Gg/year, 66% of current GHGI estimates.
  • The national station population likely has more smaller stations operating at lower throughput than previously assumed.

Conclusions:

  • Current U.S. GHGI estimates for the gathering sector may be overestimated.
  • A novel method using GHGRP data can provide annual updates to gathering sector emissions.
  • Accurate emission factors are crucial for effective climate change mitigation strategies.