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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrum01:23

Mass Spectrum

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A mass spectrum is the graphical representation of the relative abundance of the charged fragments in an analyte plotted against their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The plot's x-axis represents the ratio of the mass of the charged fragment to the number of charges it carries. The y axis of the plot represents the relative abundance of each charged species. The relative abundance is calculated from the signal intensity of each charged species recorded at the detector. The most intense signal (the...
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Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

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The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
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Inductive Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

Inductive Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

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The protons in unsubstituted alkanes are strongly shielded with chemical shifts below 1.8 ppm. Methine, methylene, and methyl protons appear at approximately 1.7, 1.2 and 0.7 ppm, while the proton signal from methane appears at 0.23 ppm. An electronegative substituent, such as chlorine, withdraws the electron density from the protons, increasing their chemical shift. Progressive substitution of the hydrogens in methane by chlorine shifts the proton signals increasingly downfield, to 3.05 ppm in...
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¹H NMR Signal Integration: Overview00:58

¹H NMR Signal Integration: Overview

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The intensity of a signal, which can be represented by the area under the peak, depends on the number of protons contributing to that signal. The area under each peak is shown as a vertical line called an integral, with the integral value listed under it, as seen in the proton NMR spectrum of benzyl acetate. Each integral value is divided by the smallest integral value to obtain the ratio of the number of protons producing each signal. The ratio reveals the relative number of protons and not...
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Emission Spectra02:39

Emission Spectra

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When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.
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Measurement: Derived Units03:02

Measurement: Derived Units

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The International System of Units or SI system, by international agreement, has fixed measurement units for seven fundamental properties: length, mass, time, temperature, electric current, amount of substance, and luminosity. These are called the SI base units.
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Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System FFS for the Quantification of Methane Emissions
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Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System FFS for the Quantification of Methane Emissions

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Methane by the Numbers: The Need for Clear and Comparable Methane Intensity Metrics.

Matthew R Johnson1, Bradley M Conrad1, Daniel J Zimmerle2

  • 1Energy & Emissions Research Lab (EERL), Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada, K1S 5B6.

Environmental Science & Technology
|March 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Conflicting methane intensity metrics hinder effective policy for oil and gas operations. This study recommends three unbiased metrics, benchmarked against total energy production, for accurate global comparisons and supply chain analysis.

Keywords:
MRVMethane intensityembodied emissionsemissions reportingloss ratemethane metricsoil and gas

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Energy Policy
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Global tracking of methane emissions from oil and gas operations is crucial.
  • Emergent reporting requirements focus on methane emissions intensity.
  • Multiple, conflicting definitions of methane intensity impede clear comparisons and policy development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze predominant methane intensity metrics.
  • To identify unbiased and intercomparable measures of methane performance.
  • To demonstrate methods for supply chain emissions propagation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of six predominant methane intensity metrics.
  • Evaluation of metrics based on attribution to gas production versus total energy production.
  • Demonstration of calculating embodied intensities through supply chains.

Main Results:

  • Half of analyzed metrics, attributing methane solely to gas production, showed significant bias, especially in oil-dominant operations.
  • Three recommended metrics, benchmarking against total energy production, provide unbiased and intercomparable results.
  • Recommended metrics are computationally and functionally equivalent when emissions are allocated by energy production.

Conclusions:

  • Standardizing methane intensity metrics is essential for effective oil and gas emissions policy.
  • Metrics benchmarking against total energy production offer the most reliable approach.
  • Calculations for supply chain emissions propagation are feasible with recommended metrics.