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P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Light Enhanced Hydrofluoric Acid Passivation: A Sensitive Technique for Detecting Bulk Silicon Defects

Light Enhanced Hydrofluoric Acid Passivation: A Sensitive Technique for Detecting Bulk Silicon Defects

Published on: January 4, 2016

Nonpassivated Silicon Anode Surface.

Yanli Yin¹, Elisabetta Arca¹, Luning Wang²

¹National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|May 16, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is crucial for advanced batteries. However, silicon anodes in carbonate electrolytes exhibit dynamic SEI formation, leading to continuous lithium loss and incomplete passivation.

Keywords:

carbonate electrolytes silicon anode solid electrolyte interphase surface and lithium-ion battery

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Battery Technology

Background:

A stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is critical for advanced battery chemistries, suppressing electrolyte-anode reactivity.
The graphite anode in Li-ion batteries is a model for SEI formation.
Similar operating potentials suggest comparable SEI mechanisms for silicon (Si) anodes in carbonate electrolytes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the SEI formation mechanism on silicon anodes in carbonate-based electrolytes.
To determine if silicon anodes can achieve full passivation under typical conditions.
To understand the dynamic nature of SEI on silicon.

Main Methods:

Utilized a specialized galvanostatic protocol to isolate SEI formation before silicon lithiation.
Investigated the electrochemical processes governing SEI development on silicon.
Analyzed the interplay between SEI decomposition, detachment, and repair.

Main Results:

The SEI formation on silicon anodes is intrinsically linked to continuous decomposition, detachment, and repair cycles.
These dynamic processes result in significant, ongoing lithium consumption.
A pristine silicon anode cannot achieve complete passivation in standard carbonate electrolytes.

Conclusions:

The passivation mechanism on silicon anodes differs significantly from graphite anodes in carbonate electrolytes.
The dynamic SEI on silicon leads to irreversible capacity loss due to continuous lithium consumption.
Further research is needed to develop stable SEI strategies for silicon anodes in next-generation batteries.