Recent Advancements and Challenges for Low-Toxicity Perovskite Materials

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Optoelectronics
• Renewable Energy

Background:

• Lead-based perovskites show great potential for optoelectronic devices but suffer from lead toxicity and instability.
• Developing lead-free alternatives is crucial for sustainable and safe high-performance optoelectronic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• This review highlights recent advancements in low-toxicity perovskite materials for optoelectronic applications.
• It focuses on alternatives to lead, including tin, bismuth, antimony, germanium, and copper-based perovskites.
• The review discusses stability and processing of these emerging materials.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent research on low-toxicity perovskite materials.
• Analysis of optoelectronic properties and stability of various perovskite compositions.
• Discussion of fabrication and characterization techniques for these materials.

Main Results:

• Low-toxicity perovskite materials demonstrate competitive optoelectronic properties for solar cells, photodetectors, light-emitting diodes, and thermoelectric devices.
• Key factors like antioxidation stability of metal cations and controlled crystallization processes are critical for performance.
• Significant progress has been made in replacing lead with elements like Sn, Bi, Sb, Ge, and Cu.

Conclusions:

• Low-toxicity perovskite materials offer a viable and sustainable pathway for next-generation optoelectronics.
• Further research is needed to optimize stability and scalability for commercial applications.
• Addressing challenges in antioxidation and crystallization will accelerate the development of these promising materials.