[Gender approach in medical residences of a university hospital]

A process of feminization of the medical profession is observed, however, the massive access of women is associated with new gender inequalities named horizontal and vertical segregation. Horizontal segregation manifests itself in the unequal distribution of men and women in certain medical specialties and vertical segregation, in the limited representation of women in most high professional positions. The objective of this study was to determine how men and women are distributed in the different stages of the process that involves entering the medical residency system of an universitary hospital from Buenos Aires, Argentina, and to analyze the horizontal and vertical segregation of gender in the process of admission to medical residencies. Based on data from applicants to an universitary hospital, in the 2015-2017 period, a multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to adjust the odds ratio of being male or female with potential confounders. There was no association between being man or woman and the performance of the exam, its approval and the admission to the interview. The adjusted odds ratio for the admission to the residency of men with respect to women was 2.03 (1.44-2.85). For the surgical residencies it was 2.75 (1.54-4.92) and for clinical it was 1.89 (1.17-3.00). In the inscription, women opted mainly for clinical residencies, and men for surgical purposes. Horizontal and vertical segregation was observed in the process of the residency. Making gender segregation visible will allow generating an equitable society.