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Arousal Modulates Retinal Output.

Sylvia Schröder1, Nicholas A Steinmetz2, Michael Krumin1

  • 1UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.

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|May 24, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Arousal modulates visual processing in mice from the very first retinal synapses. This arousal effect impacts retinal axons and neurons throughout the visual system, affecting visual responses.

Keywords:
arousallocomotionretinasuperior colliculusvision

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual System Research
  • Sensory Processing

Background:

  • Arousal is known to modulate visual processing at various stages.
  • The precise early-stage mechanisms of arousal modulation in the visual pathway remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of arousal on visual responses in the earliest stages of the mouse visual system.
  • To determine if arousal influences retinal axon activity and subsequent visual processing in the superior colliculus.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo imaging of retinal axon synaptic boutons in the superior colliculus of awake, intact mice.
  • Recording from retinal axons in the optic tract.
  • Electrophysiological recordings from superior colliculus neurons.

Main Results:

  • Retinal axon activity in the superior colliculus was influenced by running speed and pupil size, independent of light.
  • Arousal generally decreased visual responses and selectivity (direction, orientation) in retinal axons.
  • Similar arousal-dependent modulations were observed in retinal ganglion cells and superior colliculus neurons, irrespective of primary visual cortex input.

Conclusions:

  • Arousal modulates visual information processing as early as the retinal axon synapse.
  • This modulation by arousal is present throughout the entire visual pathway in mice.
  • Arousal significantly impacts visual perception by altering neural responses at multiple levels.