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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Combining 3D Magnetic Force Actuator and Multi-Functional Fluorescence Imaging to Study Nucleus Mechanobiology
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Nuclear mechanotransduction in stem cells.

Mehdi S Hamouda1, Celine Labouesse2, Kevin J Chalut3

  • 1Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cell and Tissue Morphodynamics, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda MD, USA.

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|May 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mechanical forces impact stem cell function through nuclear mechanotransduction. The linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex and nuclear envelope transmembrane (NET) proteins mediate these signals, regulating gene expression and cell fate.

Keywords:
Fate choiceMechanical signalingMechanobiologyNuclear envelopeNuclear mechanicsStem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Stem cells and progenitor cells experience mechanical forces during tissue development and maintenance.
  • These forces can alter stem cell gene expression and function, influencing self-renewal, lineage specification, and cell fate.
  • Nuclear mechanotransduction, the conversion of mechanical signals within the nucleus, is a proposed mechanism for these cellular changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of nuclear mechanotransduction in stem cells.
  • To discuss the role of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex and nuclear envelope transmembrane (NET) proteins in signal transduction.
  • To highlight how LINC/NETs regulate gene expression and chromatin organization in response to mechanical cues.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on nuclear mechanotransduction.
  • Analysis of the role of LINC/NET proteins in connecting the cytoskeleton to the nucleus.
  • Examination of stem cell-specific examples of mechanical signal transduction.

Main Results:

  • LINC/NET proteins are key mediators of mechanical signal transduction into the nucleus.
  • These proteins confer tissue-specific mechanosensitivity to cells.
  • LINC/NETs act as a control center for nuclear mechanical signals, impacting gene expression and chromatin organization.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear mechanotransduction is a critical process in stem cell biology.
  • LINC/NETs play a central role in mediating the effects of mechanical forces on stem cell fate.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the implications of nuclear mechanotransduction for cell fate decisions.