Radiation risks and uncertainties: a scoping review to support communication and informed decision-making

Area of Science:

• Radiation protection science
• Risk assessment and management
• Environmental health

Background:

• Radiation protection is significantly impacted by various uncertainties.
• A systematic investigation into the definitions and types of these uncertainties is lacking.
• Understanding these uncertainties is crucial for effective radiation safety and public trust.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a scoping review of uncertainties in radiation exposure situations.
• To analyze definitions, types, and actors associated with uncertainties in nuclear emergencies, decommissioning, and long-term exposure.
• To identify research gaps and inform recommendations for radiation protection and communication.

Main Methods:

• Scoping review of 33 peer-reviewed scientific articles.
• Analysis of uncertainties across nuclear emergencies, decommissioning, and long-term radiological exposure.
• Categorization of uncertainties based on sources, types, and affected actors.

Main Results:

• No consensus exists on the definition of uncertainty; it's often defined by source, type, or category.
• Scientists face data/methodology uncertainties; decision-makers face consequence/reaction uncertainties; the public faces trust/emotional uncertainties.
• Research predominantly focuses on scientific uncertainties, neglecting those of decision-makers and the public.

Conclusions:

• Divergent definitions and actor-specific uncertainties necessitate tailored research and communication approaches in radiation protection.
• Increased focus on uncertainties faced by decision-makers and the public is required.
• Recommendations are provided for future research and improved communication practices regarding radiation risks.