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Coherence Equality and Communication in a Quantum Superposition.

Flavio Del Santo1, Borivoje Dakić1

  • 1Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria and Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, Vienna A-1090, Austria.

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Classical communication follows a "coherence equality," but quantum communication in superposition violates it. This violation signals spatial quantum superpositions using local measurements, bypassing traditional interferometers.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Communication Protocols
  • Foundations of Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • Classical communication relies on localized carriers with well-defined directions.
  • A key characteristic of classical communication is a constant success probability of 1/2 for certain tasks.
  • Quantum mechanics allows for superpositions, challenging classical communication paradigms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce a
  • coherence equality
  • to characterize classical communication.
  • Demonstrate the violation of this equality in quantum communication schemes.
  • Develop a method to detect spatial quantum superpositions.

Main Methods:

  • Defining a communication task with a success probability.
  • Analyzing the success probability for classical communication.
  • Developing and analyzing quantum schemes involving superposition of communication directions.
  • Utilizing spatially separated local measurements.

Main Results:

  • Classical communication consistently satisfies the "coherence equality" with a success probability of 1/2.
  • Two quantum schemes were developed that systematically deviate from the classical value, violating the equality.
  • The violation of the coherence equality serves as an indicator of spatial quantum superpositions.

Conclusions:

  • The
  • coherence equality
  • provides a clear distinction between classical and quantum communication.
  • Spatial quantum superpositions can be detected operationally via local measurements without interferometry.
  • This work offers new insights into the operational manifestation of quantum properties in communication.