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Updated: Dec 20, 2025

In vitro Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation Using Four-Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Published on: February 25, 2022
Four-dimensional-flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Aortic Valve and Thoracic Aorta
Fatemehsadat Jamalidinan1, Ali Fatehi Hassanabad2, Christopher J François3
1Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 1403 - 29 Street Northwest, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada; Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 1403 - 29 Street Northwest, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada.
Abstract:
Blood flow through the heart and great vessels is sensitive to time and multiple velocity directions. The assessment of its three-dimensional nature has been limited. Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allow the comprehensive visualization and quantification of in vivo flow dynamics using four-dimensional (4D)-flow MRI. In addition, the technique provides the opportunity to obtain advanced hemodynamic measures. This article introduces 4D-flow MRI as it is currently used for blood flow visualization and quantification of cardiac hemodynamic parameters. It discusses its advantages relative to other flow MRI techniques and describes its potential clinical applications.
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