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Few-mode frequency-modulated LiDAR receivers.

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    A new few-mode receiver enhances light detection and ranging (LiDAR) performance by utilizing a local oscillator (LO) with multiple spatial modes. This innovation improves detection range and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) LiDAR systems.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Sensor Technology
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) LiDAR systems are crucial for various applications, including autonomous driving.
    • Improving the detection range and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of LiDAR receivers is an ongoing challenge.
    • Current LiDAR receiver architectures face limitations in performance under diverse environmental conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and analyze a novel few-mode receiver architecture for FMCW LiDAR.
    • To demonstrate the performance enhancements achievable with a few-mode local oscillator (LO).
    • To explore the impact of LO mode configurations on LiDAR detection range and SNR.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a few-mode receiver utilizing spatial modes at different frequencies for the LO.
    • Implementation of a receiver architecture featuring LO modes with unequal frequency separations based on optical orthogonal codes (OOC).
    • Analysis of the relationship between the number of LO modes and the required SNR for FMCW LiDAR detection.

    Main Results:

    • The few-mode LO significantly improves the performance of the LiDAR detection range.
    • A preferred receiver architecture using OOC-based LO modes enables range detection via cross-correlation.
    • The required SNR for FMCW LiDAR decreases as the number of LO modes increases.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed few-mode receiver offers a significant advancement in LiDAR technology.
    • This receiver architecture has the potential to enhance automotive LiDAR systems, leading to safer and more reliable autonomous navigation.
    • Further research into optimizing LO mode configurations could unlock even greater performance gains.