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Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
Published on: January 9, 2014
Symmetry breaking of Kramers-Henneberger atoms by ponderomotive force
1State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
Abstract:
It was believed that Kramers-Henneberger (KH) atoms in a linearly polarized superintense laser field exhibit the structure of "dichotomy." At large quiver amplitude, the two lowest-lying eigenstates are degenerated and both have a dichotomous symmetric structure. However, this is not a common structure for KH atoms because KH atoms practically can only exist in the focused laser field. However, in a focused laser, KH state electrons usually experience the ponderomotive force, which will lift the degeneracy and break the symmetry.
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