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Updated: Dec 19, 2025

Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs

Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs

Published on: July 23, 2016

Oculocardiac Reflex During Intravitreal Injection.

Miguel Paciuc-Beja¹, Daniela Meizner-Grezemkovsky², Mario Paciuc³

¹Ophthalmology Department, Centro Medico ABC, Av Carlos Fernandez Graef, Mexico City, Mexico.

Medical Hypothesis, Discovery & Innovation Ophthalmology Journal

|June 4, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Oculocardiac reflex (OCR) can occur during intravitreal injections (IVI), affecting 3.3% of patients. This reflex, a significant heart rate decrease, was asymptomatic in the studied population undergoing IVI for common eye conditions.

Keywords:

Basal Heart Rate Intravitreal Injection Oculocardiac Reflex

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Cardiology
Clinical Research

Background:

The oculocardiac reflex (OCR) is a known phenomenon associated with ocular manipulation.
However, OCR during intravitreal injections (IVI) has not been previously reported, potentially due to lack of heart rate monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the occurrence and characteristics of the oculocardiac reflex (OCR) during intravitreal injections (IVI).

Main Methods:

A prospective study involving 532 patients undergoing IVI for diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, or choroidal neovascularization.
Heart rate was continuously monitored using a pulse oximeter before, during, and after the IVI procedure.
OCR was defined as a ≥20% decrease in heart rate from baseline.

Main Results:

Oculocardiac reflex (OCR) occurred in 18 patients (3.3%) during intravitreal injection (IVI).
The observed OCR events were asymptomatic.
The 95% confidence interval for OCR occurrence was 1.85% to 4.92%.

Conclusions:

Oculocardiac reflex (OCR) is an underreported event during intravitreal injections (IVI).
Clinicians should consider the potential for OCR in patients undergoing IVI, even if asymptomatic.