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Related Concept Videos

RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

60.0K
Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing01:36

Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing

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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 19, 2025

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes
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Pre-mRNA Splicing in the Nuclear Landscape.

Tucker J Carrocci1, Karla M Neugebauer1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.

Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology
|June 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Gene expression involves intricate molecular machinery. This review highlights the coordination of co-transcriptional processing events, essential for accurate RNA splicing and gene regulation.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Expression
  • RNA Processing

Background:

  • Eukaryotic gene expression relies on coordinated molecular machines for pre-messenger RNA synthesis and processing.
  • Intron removal by the spliceosome is a critical step, occurring concurrently with transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II).
  • Spliceosome assembly and function are influenced by transcription elongation speed, chromatin state, Pol II modifications, and other RNA processing events like capping.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the cooperation and coordination among co-transcriptional RNA processing events.
  • To explore new research directions in understanding coupled RNA processing.
  • To elucidate the mechanistic insights into the role of coupled processing in gene expression.

Main Methods:

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  • Literature review of recent scientific publications.
  • Analysis of experimental data on co-transcriptional gene expression.
  • Speculative outlook on future research avenues.

Main Results:

  • Recent work demonstrates significant cooperation and coordination among various co-transcriptional processing events.
  • These coupled events collectively influence spliceosome assembly and activity.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to deciphering gene expression regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Co-transcriptional processing events are highly integrated and coordinated.
  • Further research is needed to unravel the precise mechanisms of these coupled processes.
  • This integrated view offers new perspectives on the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression.