Pediatric Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Presenting as Acute Kidney Injury

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare disease characterized by variable and diverse symptoms including the classic triad of hemolytic anemia, thrombosis, and bone marrow failure. It is a disorder primarily seen in the adult population. The authors report a unique case of an 8-year-old girl diagnosed with PNH after initially presenting with a febrile illness and acute kidney injury. Though rare in children, PNH should remain in the differential diagnosis of a child presenting with acute kidney injury. The disease has serious long-term complications, mandating timely diagnosis and appropriate therapy.