Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 14, 2026
Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns
Published on: September 16, 2019
Individualized paced deep breathing training with autonomic nervous function as rehab targets in patients with
Xiaoling Liu1, Ziwei Shan1,2, Ting Shen1
1Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China.
Background:
The autonomic imbalance and low vagal tone are common characteristic among patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). It is hypothesized that CHF rehabilitation programs targeting autonomic nerves system (ANS) function may offer greater efficacy for CHF management. This trial represents the first attempt to investigate such an approach.
Methods:
This is a randomized controlled trial aimed to examine the effectiveness of individualized paced deep breathing training (IBT) in CHF patients, with ANS measures as rehabilitation targets. Patients in the IBT group received an additional 4-week program of IBT alongside their standard rehabilitation care. The cardiopulmonary resonance index (CRI), 6-Minute Walking Distance (6MWD) and the Minnesota Quality of Life Score Questionnaire (MLHFQ) were assessed at baseline (T1) and after 4 weeks (T2).
Results:
All 38 participants completed the trial successfully. Participants in the IBT group showed significant improvements in CRI, including enhancements in respiratory stability (RS), cardiopulmonary resonance amplitude (CRA), cardiopulmonary resonance factor (CRF), cardiopulmonary coupling coefficient (CPC), and the Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient between Respiratory Rate and Heart Rate (CRS). Further, improvements in both 6MWD and MLHFQ scores were observed. [Multiple linear regression analysis results showed correlations between RS and white blood cell (r = 0.924), CRF and procalcitonin (r = 0.733) and serum creatinine (r = 0.494), as well as CRS and glycosylated hemoglobin (r = 0.819)].
Conclusions:
These findings demonstrate that IBT is a feasible and effective rehabilitation approach for CHF patients with ANS measures as target. The IBT program here also showed therapist efficiency and good patients compliance.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
01:16Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
01:30Alterations in Respiration II
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes...
01:22Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies
01:30Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions
01:23Physiological Control of Respiration
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...