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Adjunctive alcohol drinking in humans.

T F Doyle1, H H Samson

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.

Physiology & Behavior
|January 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
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This study validated an animal model of adjunctive drinking in humans. Longer fixed-interval schedules led to increased beer consumption, supporting schedule-induced ethanol intake.

Area of Science:

  • Behavioral psychology
  • Neuroscience of addiction
  • Human-animal models

Background:

  • Adjunctive behavior, often observed in animal studies, involves excessive consumption of a secondary reinforcer during intermittent primary reinforcement.
  • Ethanol (alcohol) consumption is a significant public health concern, and understanding its behavioral underpinnings is crucial.
  • Existing animal models demonstrate schedule-induced ethanol drinking, but validation in human subjects is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate an animal model of adjunctive ethanol drinking in a human population.
  • To investigate the effect of fixed-interval (FI) reinforcement schedules on beer consumption in humans.
  • To determine if ethanol drinking in humans can be characterized as schedule-induced behavior.

Main Methods:

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  • Human participants were given access to beer ad libitum while playing a game with monetary reinforcements.
  • Two fixed-interval (FI) schedules of reinforcement were employed: a shorter FI and a longer FI.
  • Beer consumption and drinking patterns were monitored and analyzed in relation to the FI schedule length.

Main Results:

  • Human subjects exposed to a longer FI schedule consumed significantly more beer compared to those on a shorter FI schedule.
  • A pattern of ingestion consistent with adjunctive drinking behavior was observed in the longer FI condition.
  • These findings support the hypothesis that ethanol drinking in humans can be induced by reinforcement schedules.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully validated the animal model of adjunctive ethanol drinking in human subjects.
  • Reinforcement schedule parameters, specifically longer fixed-interval schedules, significantly influence ethanol intake.
  • The results provide strong evidence for schedule-induced ethanol drinking in humans, offering insights into addiction mechanisms.