Gut microbiota and physical activity: Is there an evidence-based link?

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Exercise Physiology
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining musculoskeletal health and influencing disease.
• Factors like genetics, age, diet, and lifestyle affect both musculoskeletal health and gut microbial balance.
• The gut microbiota communicates with the host's systems via bioactive molecules, impacting metabolism, endocrine, immune, and nervous functions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the connection between gut microbiota and musculoskeletal health.
• To understand the influence of lifestyle factors, including exercise, on this relationship.
• To clarify the applicability of athlete-specific exercise findings to the general population.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on gut microbiota, musculoskeletal health, and exercise.
• Analysis of the mechanisms by which gut microbiota influences host physiology.
• Comparative assessment of studies involving athletes versus general exercise participants.

Main Results:

• Gut microbiota composition is linked to musculoskeletal conditions.
• Bioactive molecules produced by gut microbes influence systemic health.
• Physical activity can modulate the gut microbiota, potentially benefiting musculoskeletal health.

Conclusions:

• The gut microbiota is a key factor in musculoskeletal health and disease.
• Exercise interventions need careful consideration regarding their impact on the gut microbiota and musculoskeletal system.
• Results from elite athlete studies should be interpreted cautiously when applied to non-competitive exercisers.