Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

3.3K
Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
3.3K
Biological Methods for Microbial Control01:28

Biological Methods for Microbial Control

695
Biological agents offer an effective means of controlling microbial growth by leveraging natural processes like predation, competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial substances.Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio species target and kill pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. They are widely used in poultry farms to control infections. Myxococcus species help combat plant-pathogenic fungi. These naturally occurring predators serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and...
695
Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria01:29

Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria

469
The DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes are intricately coupled in bacteria, allowing efficient gene expression and rapid protein synthesis. While this physical and functional coordination is advantageous, it introduces challenges that bacteria overcome through specific regulatory mechanisms.Coupling of Replication, Transcription, and TranslationThe coupling of replication, transcription, and translation is a hallmark of bacterial gene expression. As the replisome unwinds...
469
Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

12.8K
Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
12.8K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

2.5K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
2.5K
Plasmids01:28

Plasmids

859
Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA molecules found in bacteria, archaea, and some eukaryotic microbes like yeast. These small, circular DNA structures typically contain fewer than 30 genes, although some may exist linearly. Plasmids vary in their number within a cell, known as copy number. Single-copy plasmids are present in one copy per cell and multi-copy plasmids are present in multiple copies, reaching over 100 copies per cell.Plasmids usually replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA...
859

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Development of molecularly imprinted vegetarian membranes (MIP-VMs) for oral tissue repair and regeneration.

Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology·2026
Same author

Rationalising heterogeneity in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: current progress and future goals.

The Journal of infectious diseases·2026
Same author

CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Knockout Reveals a Nonredundant Role for p16<sup>INK4A</sup> in Controlling TCR-Dependent and Independent CD8 T Cell Expansion.

European journal of immunology·2026
Same author

Avidity-by-design: spatial control of T7 peptide presentation on polymersomes dictates blood-brain barrier transport fate.

Drug delivery and translational research·2026
Same author

Chitosan Nanoparticles Unlock the Antioxidant Potential of Epigallocatechin Gallate in Pancreatic and Hepatic Cancer Cell Models.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Lifetime chemical sensor arrays of organic fluorophores for bacterial fingerprinting.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Dual-Function Halide Exchange Strategy for Simultaneous Sn<sup>4+</sup> Elimination and Stability Enhancement in Pb-Sn Mixed Perovskite Solar Cells.

ACS nano·2026
Same journal

Vertically Stacked Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide-Based Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuits.

ACS nano·2026
Same journal

Tunable Nanoparticle Thin-Film Reveals Distance Dependence of Auger-Mediated Radiation Enhancement in Diffuse Midline Glioma.

ACS nano·2026
Same journal

G-Quadruplex Network Engineering in Ionogels: Realizing Robust Biosensing Interfaces for Plant Electrophysiology.

ACS nano·2026
Same journal

Announcing the 2026 <i>ACS Nano</i> Lectureship and <i>ACS Nano</i> Impact Award Laureates.

ACS nano·2026
Same journal

Ultrafast Self-Assembly of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 Enables Antibody Orientation for Ultrasensitive Lateral Flow Immunoassays.

ACS nano·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

High-throughput Identification of Bacteria Repellent Polymers for Medical Devices
10:43

High-throughput Identification of Bacteria Repellent Polymers for Medical Devices

Published on: November 5, 2016

9.4K

Polymersomes Eradicating Intracellular Bacteria.

Federico Fenaroli1, James D Robertson2,3, Edoardo Scarpa4

  • 1Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway.

ACS Nano
|June 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nanoparticle polymersomes effectively deliver antibiotics inside infected macrophages, enhancing bacterial killing. This novel approach successfully targets tuberculosis granulomas and eradicates intracellular pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Keywords:
drug deliveryintracellular pathogenspolymersomestuberculosiszebrafish

More Related Videos

Forming Giant-sized Polymersomes Using Gel-assisted Rehydration
08:45

Forming Giant-sized Polymersomes Using Gel-assisted Rehydration

Published on: May 26, 2016

9.7K
Looking Outwards: Isolation of Cyanobacterial Released Carbohydrate Polymers and Proteins
06:58

Looking Outwards: Isolation of Cyanobacterial Released Carbohydrate Polymers and Proteins

Published on: May 27, 2019

6.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 18, 2025

High-throughput Identification of Bacteria Repellent Polymers for Medical Devices
10:43

High-throughput Identification of Bacteria Repellent Polymers for Medical Devices

Published on: November 5, 2016

9.4K
Forming Giant-sized Polymersomes Using Gel-assisted Rehydration
08:45

Forming Giant-sized Polymersomes Using Gel-assisted Rehydration

Published on: May 26, 2016

9.7K
Looking Outwards: Isolation of Cyanobacterial Released Carbohydrate Polymers and Proteins
06:58

Looking Outwards: Isolation of Cyanobacterial Released Carbohydrate Polymers and Proteins

Published on: May 27, 2019

6.9K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Nanomedicine

Background:

  • Mononuclear phagocytes are crucial for immunity but can harbor intracellular bacteria, leading to chronic infections.
  • Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a major global health threat, with infected macrophages serving as a reservoir.
  • Effective treatment requires intracellular delivery of antibiotics to combat pathogens within host cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate pH-sensitive nanoscopic polymersomes for targeted intracellular antibiotic delivery.
  • To assess the efficacy of polymersome-encapsulated antibiotics against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus in infected macrophages.
  • To investigate the ability of polymersomes to penetrate TB-like granuloma tissues in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized PMPC-PDPA block copolymer to create pH-sensitive nanoscopic polymersomes.
  • Tested polymersome efficacy in vitro against Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Staphylococcus aureus in infected macrophages.
  • Evaluated polymersome penetration into TB-like granuloma tissues in a zebrafish model.

Main Results:

  • Polymersomes significantly enhanced the antibiotic efficacy in killing intracellular bacteria.
  • Demonstrated successful targeting and intracellular delivery of antibiotics to infected macrophages.
  • Showed polymersomes could effectively penetrate challenging TB-like granuloma tissues in vivo.
  • Achieved eradication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other intracellular pathogens.

Conclusions:

  • pH-sensitive nanoscopic polymersomes are a promising platform for targeted intracellular antibiotic delivery.
  • This strategy effectively enhances the treatment of intracellular bacterial infections, including tuberculosis.
  • The ability to penetrate granuloma tissues offers a new therapeutic avenue for difficult-to-treat infections.