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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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The concept of subconscious awareness refers to the processing of information below the level of conscious thought, which significantly influences both behaviors and decisions. It is also known as waking subconscious awareness. This complex level of cognition operates without the direct awareness of the individual, facilitating rapid and simultaneous handling of multiple information streams.
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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
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Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
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Automatic processing refers to the cognitive operations that occur without conscious intent or awareness, playing a fundamental role in shaping social cognition and behavior. These processes enable individuals to navigate complex social environments efficiently by relying on mental shortcuts and pre-existing knowledge structures known as schemas. One of the most influential mechanisms underlying automatic processing is priming, which subtly activates mental representations through exposure to...
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Deciding Without Intending.

Alexandra Nolte1, Wesley Buckwalter2, David Rose1

  • 1Department of Philosophy, Florida State University, US.

Journal of Cognition
|June 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Philosophical consensus suggests deciding and intending are the same. However, new research provides strong evidence that ordinary language use shows deciding can occur without intending, challenging this long-held view.

Keywords:
decisionintentionjudgmentmeaningordinary languagesemantics

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Area of Science:

  • Philosophy of Mind
  • Linguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • A prevailing view in philosophy posits that the terms "deciding" and "intending" are synonymous.
  • Recent research has introduced counterexamples suggesting ordinary speakers may attribute "deciding" in situations where "intending" is absent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To rigorously examine the validity and scope of the discovery that challenges the consensus view.
  • To determine if "deciding" and "intending" are indeed distinct concepts in everyday language.

Main Methods:

  • Replication of the initial experimental findings that contradict the consensus.
  • Expansion of the research through the use of novel measures, materials, and procedural variations.
  • Empirical investigation into ordinary language use regarding decision-making and intention.

Main Results:

  • The evidence gathered strongly supports the distinction between deciding and intending.
  • Replication confirmed the initial counterexamples against the synonymy view.
  • Extended studies further validated the dissociation between the two concepts across various contexts.

Conclusions:

  • The consensus view that "deciding" and "intending" are synonymous should be rejected.
  • "Deciding" and "intending" appear to be distinct concepts in ordinary language.
  • Empirical findings provide robust support for revising philosophical understandings of volition and action.