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Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Echocardiographic Assessment Using Subxiphoid-Only Examination for Hypotensive Patients
Published on: April 18, 2025
[INDICATORS OF SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE AMONG PATIENTS WITH URGENCY HYPERTENSIVE CRISES]
B Goldovsky1, D Leliuk1, K Otarashvili1
1State Institute «Zaporizhzhia Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education of Ministry of Health of Ukraine».
Insights
Hypertensive crises show increased inflammatory markers like IL-6 and TNF-б, linked to higher blood pressure. This suggests inflammation plays a key role in managing hypertension emergencies.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Internal Medicine
- Emergency Medicine
Background:
- Uncomplicated hypertensive crises require optimized prehospital treatment.
- Understanding systemic hemodynamics and autonomic nervous system balance is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To improve prehospital treatment of hypertensive crises.
- To investigate systemic hemodynamics, autonomic nervous system balance, and inflammatory markers in hypertensive patients.
Main Methods:
- Prospective, comparative study of 206 patients with stage II hypertension.
- Analysis of systemic inflammatory response markers (e.g., IL-6, TNF-б, CRP, IL-1в).
- Comparison between emergency medical services patients, outpatients, and healthy individuals.
Main Results:
- Increased serum proinflammatory markers correlate with elevated blood pressure.
- Elevated catecholamines are associated with increased levels of IL-6 and TNF-б.
- C-reactive protein (CRP) may indicate vascular inflammation; IL-1в is an early inflammatory response factor.
Conclusions:
- Inflammatory processes are significantly involved in uncomplicated hypertensive crises.
- Systemic inflammation markers offer insights into managing hypertensive emergencies.
- Further research into inflammatory pathways could refine prehospital hypertension treatment.
Abstract:
The aim of the study is to improve the results of uncomplicated hypertensive crises treatment at the prehospital stage by studying the state of systemic hemodynamics, determining the balance of the autonomic nervous system, and markers relating to the systemic inflammatory response in patients with hypertension in uncomplicated hypertensive crises. In 2017-2019, an open, prospective and comparative study was conducted and consisted of 206 patients with documented stage II HT, of which 131 patients applied for E.M.S. in the "Municipal Institution Zaporizhzhya Station of Emergency (Ambulance) Medical Assistance of " of the Zaporizhzhia regional Council and 75 people who had a stable course of the disease and were examined on an outpatiently on the basis of the "Primary health care Center No. 10". Almost healthy 31 people were examined on the basis of the MI "Regional medical exercises dispensary" of the Zaporizhzhia regional Council. The indicators of systemic inflammatory response among the examined individuals in the study were analyzed. An increase in the concentration of serum proinflammatory markers was demonstrated depending on the stage and degree of BP increase. Increased concentrations of catecholamines are associated with increased blood levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-б.the level of CRP may reflect the inflammatory process in the intima of blood vessels. Interleukin-1в (IL-1в), which is considered an "early response" factor, has been proven to be involved in energy homeostasis and inflammation.
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