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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers
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Multimode exposed core fiber specklegram sensor.

Thiago D Cabral, Eric Fujiwara, Stephen C Warren-Smith

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    This study introduces a novel multimode exposed core microstructured fiber (ECF) for practical sensing applications. This advanced fiber enables precise measurement of fluid properties, temperature, and liquid levels using a simple setup.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Fiber Optics
    • Sensing Technology

    Background:

    • Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) offer unique waveguide properties for specialty sensing.
    • Exposed core microstructured fibers (ECFs) are an evolution of PCFs for practical liquid and gas sensing.
    • Previous ECFs were limited to single-mode or few-mode operation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a highly multimode ECF with lateral access for advanced sensing.
    • To utilize the ECF as a fiber specklegram sensor for fluid property assessment.
    • To evaluate the performance of the ECF sensor for refractive index, temperature, and liquid level measurements.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a highly multimode ECF with full-length lateral access.
    • Operation of the ECF as a fiber specklegram sensor.
    • Interrogation of the sensor using a simple and low-cost setup.
    • Characterization of sensor performance for refractive index, temperature, and liquid level sensing.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a refractive index resolution of at least 4.6×10-4 RIU and sensitivity of -10.97 RIU-1.
    • Demonstrated a maximum temperature resolution of 0.017°C with -0.20°C-1 sensitivity.
    • Obtained a liquid level sensing resolution of 0.12 mm with -0.015 mm-1 sensitivity over a 50.0 mm range.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed highly multimode ECF is effective for practical fluid sensing.
    • The fiber specklegram sensor offers high resolution and sensitivity for various parameters.
    • The simple and low-cost interrogation setup makes this technology broadly applicable.