New $\text{C}_{n}^{2}$ statistical model based on first radiosonde turbulence observation over Lhasa

Area of Science:

• Atmospheric Science
• Optical Turbulence
• Geophysics

Background:

• Accurate characterization of atmospheric turbulence is crucial for astronomical observations.
• The Tibetan Plateau, particularly Lhasa, presents unique meteorological conditions influencing optical turbulence.
• Existing models may not fully capture the specific turbulence characteristics of high-altitude, complex terrain.

Purpose of the Study:

• To measure vertical profiles of atmospheric parameters and refractive index structure constant ($C_n^2$) at Lhasa for the first time.
• To propose and evaluate two novel statistical models (Lhasa HMN and Lhasa Dewan) for estimating turbulence strength.
• To assess the reliability of these models for reconstructing $C_n^2$ profiles and supporting astronomical site selection.

Main Methods:

• Utilizing balloon-borne radiosondes for in-situ measurements of atmospheric parameters and $C_n^2$ at Lhasa.
• Developing two statistical models: Lhasa HMN and Lhasa Dewan, based on the collected vertical profile data.
• Performing statistical analyses, including bias and RMSE evaluation, to compare model performance against measurements.

Main Results:

• The Lhasa HMN model exhibited lower bias and RMSE compared to the Lhasa Dewan model.
• The Lhasa HMN model demonstrated a better ability to represent Lhasa's unique turbulence characteristics.
• The Lhasa HMN model's performance in calculating integrated astroclimatic parameters was found to be reliable and satisfactory.

Conclusions:

• The Lhasa HMN model provides a more accurate estimation of optical turbulence strength in Lhasa.
• These findings offer valuable insights into the optical turbulence characteristics of the region.
• The developed models support future astronomical site selection initiatives in the Tibetan Plateau.