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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Catalytically Perfect Enzymes01:07

Catalytically Perfect Enzymes

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The theory of catalytically perfect enzymes was first proposed by W.J. Albery and J. R. Knowles in 1976. These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. Their catalytic efficiency values range from 108-109 M-1s-1. These enzymes are also called 'diffusion-controlled' as the only rate-limiting step in the catalysis is that of the substrate diffusion into the active site. Examples include triose phosphate isomerase, fumarase, and superoxide dismutase.
 
Most enzymes...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
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Allosteric Proteins-ATCase01:19

Allosteric Proteins-ATCase

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Binding sites linkages can regulate a protein's function.  For example, enzyme activity is often regulated through a feedback mechanism where the end product of the biochemical process serves as an inhibitor.
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Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis01:13

Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis

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For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes...
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Ligand Binding and Linkage00:49

Ligand Binding and Linkage

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Allosteric proteins have more than one ligand binding site; the binding of a ligand to any of these sites influences the binding of ligands to the other sites. When a protein is allosteric, its binding sites are called coupled or linked.  In the case of enzymes, the site that binds to the substrate is known as the active site and the other site is known as the regulatory site. When a ligand binds to the regulatory site, this leads to conformational changes in the protein that can influence...
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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Single atomic site catalysts: synthesis, characterization, and applications.

Chenliang Ye1, Ningqiang Zhang1, Dingsheng Wang1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. wangdingsheng@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|June 20, 2020
PubMed
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Single atomic site catalysts (SASCs) offer maximized atomic use and unique electronic properties for heterogeneous catalysis. This review details their synthesis, characterization, and diverse applications in electrocatalysis and thermocatalysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Single atomic site catalysts (SASCs) are pivotal in heterogeneous catalysis due to their high atomic efficiency and distinct electronic structures.
  • Their development is crucial for advancing catalytic processes with enhanced performance and selectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advancements in the synthesis, characterization, and application of SASCs.
  • To provide insights into the structure-function relationships governing SASC performance in catalysis.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis strategies including impregnation on defect-rich supports, pyrolysis of polymer-encapsulated metals, and alloying for atom isolation.
  • Advanced characterization techniques to elucidate the geometric and electronic structures of SASCs.
  • Evaluation of SASCs in both electrocatalytic and thermocatalytic reactions.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated effective synthesis routes for various SASCs.
  • Detailed characterization of SASC structures, highlighting the pros and cons of different methods.
  • Successful application of SASCs in electrocatalysis and thermocatalysis, revealing key structure-activity correlations.

Conclusions:

  • SASCs represent a promising frontier in catalysis, offering unparalleled efficiency.
  • Understanding and controlling their synthesis and structure are key to unlocking their full potential.
  • Further exploration of SASCs will drive innovation in sustainable chemical transformations.