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Beyond the lung involvement in COVID-19 patients
Domenico Tuttolomondo1,2, Annalisa Frizzelli3, Marina Aiello3
1Department of Medicine and Surgery, Postgraduate School of Cardiology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy - d.tuttolomondo@hotmail.it.
Minerva Medica
|June 23, 2020
Summary
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, affecting multiple organs beyond the lungs. This review details the extrapulmonary manifestations of this multisystemic disease.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Virology
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has prompted extensive research into its transmission and clinical spectrum.
- While primarily known for respiratory effects, SARS-CoV-2's widespread organ impact is increasingly recognized.
- The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor is a key target for SARS-CoV-2, facilitating its entry into various human cells.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and synthesize evidence on the extrapulmonary involvement of COVID-19.
- To highlight the atypical presentations of COVID-19 resulting from multisystemic effects.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies investigating SARS-CoV-2 organ involvement.
- Analysis of clinical data and research findings on extrapulmonary manifestations.
Main Results:
- SARS-CoV-2 affects multiple organs, including the heart, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, nervous system, and skin.
- Extrapulmonary involvement contributes to the diverse and atypical clinical presentations of COVID-19.
- High expression of ACE2 receptors in various organs facilitates viral spread beyond the respiratory system.
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 should be considered a multisystemic disease due to its capacity to affect numerous organs.
- Understanding extrapulmonary manifestations is crucial for diagnosing and managing atypical COVID-19 cases.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms and clinical implications of SARS-CoV-2's multisystemic effects.
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