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Collective Scalarization or Tachyonization: When Averaging Fails.

Vitor Cardoso1, Arianna Foschi2, Miguel Zilhão2

  • 1CENTRA, Departamento de Física, Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049 Lisboa, Portugal and Waseda Institute for Advanced Study (WIAS), Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Certain scalar-tensor theories can cause tachyonic instabilities in compact stars. This study shows composite bodies can exhibit scalarization through collective effects, even if individual parts are too small, but rules out scalarization for very dilute bodies.

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Area of Science:

  • * Theoretical physics
  • * Astrophysics
  • * Gravitational physics

Background:

  • * Scalar-tensor theories of gravity predict tachyonic instabilities in matter near compact stars.
  • * Existing studies often average over local matter properties, potentially obscuring collective effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate collective effects in scalarization phenomena using elementary, flat space models.
  • * To assess the accuracy of averaging procedures by analyzing composite bodies.

Main Methods:

  • * Utilized elementary, flat space models to simulate bodies composed of constituents.
  • * Analyzed bodies where individual constituents are below the scalarization threshold (compactness C ≲ C_{crit}).

Main Results:

  • * Demonstrated that composite bodies can achieve scalarization via collective effects when constituents' compactness is close to the critical threshold.
  • * Showed that the composite body's compactness can be arbitrarily small in such cases.
  • * Found that for fundamental building blocks with very low compactness, composite scalarization requires global compactness C_{global} ≳ C_{crit}.

Conclusions:

  • * Collective effects can enable scalarization in composite bodies even if individual constituents cannot scalarize.
  • * Scalarization of dilute bodies through collective effects is ruled out by these findings.