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Related Concept Videos

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Weak Acid Solutions

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Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Salt-rich solid electrolyte interphase for safer high-energy-density Li metal batteries with limited Li excess.

Shouyi Yuan1, Junwei Lucas Bao, Nan Wang

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China. yyxia@fudan.edu.cn.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|June 23, 2020
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Summary

This study introduces a novel electrolyte for high-efficiency lithium metal batteries, achieving stable cycling and improved thermal stability for high-voltage cathodes. The electrolyte enables uniform lithium plating, enhancing battery performance and longevity.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are promising for next-generation energy storage.
  • High-voltage cathodes and efficient lithium metal anodes are crucial for advancing LMB performance.
  • Developing stable electrolytes that facilitate uniform lithium deposition is a key challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel carbonate-based electrolyte for high-efficiency LMBs.
  • To enhance the coulombic efficiency of lithium deposition and enable stable cycling with limited lithium.
  • To improve the thermal stability of high-voltage cathodes in LMBs.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of a carbonate-based electrolyte with dual cations and an ionic liquid.
  • Investigation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) composition and morphology.
  • Electrochemical testing of Li||NCM811 cells with limited lithium (N/P = 1).

Main Results:

  • Achieved an average coulombic efficiency of 99.6% for lithium deposition.
  • Demonstrated stable cycling of Li||NCM811 cells for over 90 cycles with limited lithium.
  • Observed enhanced thermal stability of the NCM811 cathode.

Conclusions:

  • The optimized dual-cation, ionic-liquid-containing electrolyte enables high-efficiency lithium deposition.
  • The electrolyte promotes a salt-rich SEI and uniform lithium plating, crucial for stable LMB operation.
  • This electrolyte design offers a promising pathway for developing high-performance and safe lithium metal batteries.