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Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
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Synthetic Genomes.

Weimin Zhang1, Leslie A Mitchell1, Joel S Bader2

  • 1Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; email: weimin.zhang@nyulangone.org, leslie.mitchell@nyulangone.org, jef.boeke@nyulangone.org.

Annual Review of Biochemistry
|June 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists can now synthesize entire genomes using advanced DNA synthesis technology. This breakthrough enables the creation of novel genomes with unique properties, offering new insights into biology and evolution.

Keywords:
DNA synthesisSc2.0ethicsgenome designgenome editing

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic biology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • DNA synthesis technology has advanced significantly, enabling the creation of entire genomes.
  • Methods have evolved from single gene synthesis to large-scale genome editing and de novo construction.
  • Synthesizing native genome sequences offers limited new biological insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review techniques and technologies for designing, building, and delivering large-scale synthetic DNA.
  • To explore the potential of synthetic genomes with novel properties for biological research.
  • To address fundamental questions in evolution and genome organization (informational, metabolic, genetic).

Main Methods:

  • Review of current DNA synthesis technologies.
  • Discussion of methods for genome-scale DNA construction.
  • Analysis of approaches for delivering synthetic genomes.

Main Results:

  • Practicality of synthesizing entire genomes is now achievable.
  • Novel genome design offers unique advantages over native sequence replication.
  • Enables investigation of complex biological systems and evolutionary principles.

Conclusions:

  • Synthetic genome technology provides powerful tools for biological discovery.
  • Future applications may lead to the ability to design genomes entirely from scratch.
  • This field holds promise for addressing fundamental questions in biology and evolution.