Recent Advances on Nanofiber Fabrications: Unconventional State-of-the-Art Spinning Techniques

In this review, we describe recent relevant advances in the fabrication of polymeric nanofibers to address challenges in conventional approaches such as electrospinning, namely low throughput and productivity with low size uniformity, assembly with a regulated structure and even architecture, and location with desired alignments and orientations. The efforts discussed have mainly been devoted to realize novel apparatus designed to resolve individual issues that have arisen, i.e., eliminating ejection tips of spinnerets in a simple electrospinning system by effective control of an applied electric field and by using mechanical force, introducing a uniquely designed spinning apparatus including a solution ejection system and a collection system, and employing particular processes using a ferroelectric material and reactive precursors for atomic layer deposition. The impact of these advances to ultimately attain a fabrication technique to solve all the issues simultaneously is highlighted with regard to manufacturing high-quality nanofibers with high- throughput and eventually, practically implementing the nanofibers in cutting-edge applications on an industrial scale.