Photobiomodulation: Shining Light on COVID-19

Area of Science:

• Biophysics and Photomedicine
• Viral Pathogenesis and Immunology

Background:

• COVID-19 models often overlook light's role, focusing on temperature.
• COVID-19 impacts the hematopoietic system and hemostasis, which are light-sensitive.
• Viral infection alters hemoglobin and protoporphyrin levels, leading to iron accumulation and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To test the hypothesis that light exposure can decrease COVID-19 lethality.
• To explore the role of photobiomodulation in mitigating COVID-19's systemic effects.

Main Methods:

• Investigated the effects of red and near-infrared (R-NIR) radiation on cellular processes.
• Examined the absorption peaks of key molecules like hemoglobin (HbO2), porphyrin, and cytochrome c oxidase in response to light.
• Considered the role of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation in vitamin D production.

Main Results:

• R-NIR radiation (640-900 nm) absorption by cytochrome c oxidase and porphyrin increases adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production.
• Photon absorption by hemoglobin may stabilize iron-ion bonds, preserving oxygen transport function.
• UVB radiation can enhance vitamin D synthesis, supporting immune defenses.

Conclusions:

• Light, specifically R-NIR, can potentially reduce COVID-19 lethality through photobiomodulation.
• Mechanisms include enhanced ATP production, improved oxygen transport, and boosted immune response via vitamin D.
• Further research into light-based therapies for COVID-19 is warranted.