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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
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Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
356
Drug Products: Biologics, Biosimilars and Interchangeables01:28

Drug Products: Biologics, Biosimilars and Interchangeables

161
Body:Biologics, derived from living sources such as humans, animals, or microorganisms, represent a significant category of pharmaceuticals. These complex molecules, developed through advanced biotechnological methods or purified from natural sources, include essential medical treatments like insulin and growth hormones. The complexity of biologics arises from their large molecular structures and the intricate processes required for their production, making them distinct from conventional...
161
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
658
Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids

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Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
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Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis
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[Biologics for Chronic Rhinosinusitis].

Leyla Pinggera, Veronika Innerhofer, Natalie Fischer

    Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie
    |June 26, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) affects millions globally. Monoclonal antibodies (mAB) offer a promising new treatment option for CRSwNP patients unresponsive to traditional therapies.

    Area of Science:

    • Otolaryngology
    • Immunology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent inflammatory condition of the nasal and paranasal mucosa, persisting over 12 weeks.
    • Affecting approximately 15% of European and American populations, CRS represents a significant global health concern.
    • Key classifications include CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies (mAB) as an alternative treatment for CRSwNP.
    • To explore the potential of biologics in managing severe or refractory CRS cases.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of clinical studies investigating mAB therapies in CRSwNP patients.
    • Analysis of treatment outcomes comparing mABs with standard-of-care and surgical interventions.

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    Main Results:

    • Monoclonal antibodies have emerged as a viable alternative treatment for patients diagnosed with CRSwNP.
    • These biologics demonstrate potential for improving outcomes in patients with CRSwNP.

    Conclusions:

    • Monoclonal antibodies represent a significant advancement in the therapeutic landscape for CRSwNP.
    • Further research and clinical application of mABs are warranted for optimizing CRSwNP management.