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Related Concept Videos

Immunogold Electron Microscopy01:20

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Immunoelectron microscopy utilizes immunogold labeling of endogenous proteins with specific antibodies to detect and localize these proteins in cells and tissues. The procedure provides insights into the distribution and quantification of protein under different stimulation conditions offering clues about their functions. Conjugating highly electron-dense gold particles with primary or secondary antibodies allow antigen detection on and within cells, with high resolution and specificity.
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Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
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Immunoprecipitation01:20

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Immunoprecipitation, or IP, is a widely used technique that employs protein-antibody interactions to isolate proteins or protein complexes in their native state for studying protein-protein interactions, quaternary structures, or supramolecular complexes. Various modifications of the technique, including chromatin IP, cross-linking IP, and fluorescence IP, are commonly used.
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A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescent chromophores called fluorochromes, which can absorb energy from a light source and then emit this energy as visible light. Fluorochromes include naturally fluorescent substances (such as chlorophylls) and fluorescent stains that are added to the specimen to create contrast. Dyes such as Texas red and FITC are examples of fluorochromes. Other examples include the nucleic acid dyes 4’,6’-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and acridine orange.
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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay01:33

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In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
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Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are techniques that use antibodies to check for specific proteins or antigens in a sample. The technique was first published by Albert Coons in 1941 to detect the presence of pneumococcal antigen in tissue sections from mice infected with Pneumococcus. Immunocytochemistry helps localization of proteins or antigens in individual cells like blood cells, stem cells, etc., while immunohistochemistry does the same for tissue samples.
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Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Non-Viral Engineering of Primary Human T Cells via Homology-Mediated End-Joining Targeted Integration of Large DNA Templates
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Immunoengineering has arrived.

Jordan J Green1,2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ophthalmology, Oncology, and Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A
|June 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immunoengineering applies engineering to the immune system for health and disease. This field is rapidly advancing research, education, and treatments for various conditions like cancer and diabetes.

Keywords:
biomaterialsbiomedical engineeringeducationimmunoengineeringimmunology

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Area of Science:

  • Immunoengineering
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Immunoengineering integrates engineering principles with immunology to understand and manipulate the immune system.
  • The field's scope ranges from molecular to population levels, impacting health and disease.
  • It represents a critical and rapidly developing area in biomedical science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the rapid development of immunoengineering as a distinct scientific discipline.
  • To highlight advances in both research applications and educational initiatives within immunoengineering.
  • To underscore the potential of immunoengineering in biomedical innovation and therapeutic development.

Main Methods:

  • This perspective synthesizes current research trends and educational developments in immunoengineering.
  • It reviews the application of engineering tools to modulate immune system functions.
  • Data on funding and institutional growth in the field are presented.

Main Results:

  • Immunoengineering is revolutionizing technologies in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and medical devices.
  • It provides novel tools for biomedical discovery and innovation.
  • Significant investments from grant agencies and the establishment of academic centers indicate robust growth.

Conclusions:

  • Immunoengineering offers transformative potential for treating diseases such as cancer, infectious diseases, type 1 diabetes, and autoimmune disorders.
  • The field is rapidly advancing, with new research, educational programs, and translational biotechnologies emerging.
  • Immunoengineering is poised to significantly impact future healthcare and biomedical innovation.