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Anticancer Drug-induced Thyroid Dysfunction.

Saptarshi Bhattacharya1, Alpesh Goyal2, Parjeet Kaur3

  • 1Max Super Speciality Hospital, Patparganj, New Delhi, India.

European Endocrinology
|June 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New cancer therapies like immunotherapy and targeted therapy can cause thyroid dysfunction. Early recognition and management of these thyroid disorders are crucial for successful cancer treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
Thyroidanticancer drugshypothyroidismimmune checkpoint inhibitorstyrosine kinase inhibitors

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cancer treatments such as immunotherapy and targeted therapy offer alternatives to conventional chemotherapy but can lead to adverse effects.
  • Thyroid dysfunction is an emerging concern associated with these advanced cancer therapies, impacting patient health and treatment efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the various anticancer agents that can affect thyroid function.
  • To highlight the mechanisms by which these agents induce thyroid disorders.
  • To emphasize the importance of early recognition and management of thyroid dysfunction during cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on cancer therapies and their impact on thyroid function.
  • Analysis of mechanisms of action for different drug classes, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and radiotherapeutic agents.
  • Synthesis of information on specific drugs like alemtuzumab and bexarotene and their effects on the thyroid.

Main Results:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors can lead to primary or central hypothyroidism and Graves' disease.
  • Other agents like Interferon-α, interleukin-2, thalidomide analogues, metaiodobenzylguanidine, and bexarotene are also associated with various forms of thyroid dysfunction.
  • Thyroid dysfunction induced by these agents is generally manageable without altering cancer treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Various anticancer agents, particularly immunotherapies and targeted therapies, pose a risk of thyroid dysfunction.
  • Understanding the specific mechanisms of drug-induced thyroid disorders is essential for clinical practice.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management of thyroid disorders can improve overall treatment outcomes for cancer patients.