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Diffusion MR Imaging in the Head and Neck: Principles and Applications.

Carrie D Norris1, Sandra E Quick2, Jason G Parker3

  • 1Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 550 North University Boulevard, Room 0663, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/CarrieDNorrisMD.

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Diffusion imaging, a key MRI technique, is expanding from brain to head and neck imaging. This review covers advanced diffusion MRI methods and their clinical uses in the head and neck.

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CholesteatomaDiffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI)Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)Head and neck imagingIntravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM)MR imagingOncologic imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology and Medical Imaging
  • Biophysics
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Diffusion imaging measures water molecule motion for tissue contrast.
  • It is a fundamental MRI technique for brain imaging.
  • Its application is growing in head and neck imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of diffusion imaging techniques for head and neck applications.
  • To discuss the physics, evidence, pitfalls, and advances in these techniques.
  • To detail practical clinical applications of diffusion imaging in the head and neck.

Main Methods:

  • Review of conventional diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).
  • Inclusion of advanced techniques: DWI trace with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI).
  • Discussion of technical aspects, clinical evidence, and potential challenges.

Main Results:

  • Diffusion imaging offers valuable contrast for head and neck tissues.
  • Various advanced diffusion techniques provide complementary information.
  • Technical improvements are enhancing image quality and diagnostic capabilities.
  • Clinical applications are expanding, supported by growing evidence.

Conclusions:

  • Diffusion imaging is a versatile tool for head and neck imaging.
  • Understanding different diffusion techniques is crucial for clinical practice.
  • Continued technical advancements promise broader applications and improved patient outcomes.