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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

771
Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
771
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

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Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
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Routes of Drug Administration: Overview01:22

Routes of Drug Administration: Overview

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Drug administration involves delivering drugs to the body through various routes, such as enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral administration refers to drugs absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. They can be swallowed (perorally), placed under the tongue (sublingually), or on the inner lining of the cheeks (buccally). Perorally administered drugs take time to be absorbed and have a slower onset of action. The rectal route is another form of enteral administration, which allows for...
9.0K
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

5.0K
Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

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Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
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Compounding topicals in dermatology.

Nadine Shabeeb1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, USA.

Cutis
|July 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Dermatologists customize topical medications for patients, but data on the safety, systemic absorption, and efficacy of these compounded treatments are limited.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology
  • Drug Safety

Background:

  • Compounding topical medications allows for personalized dermatological treatments tailored to individual patient needs.
  • The practice is common, but robust data on safety and efficacy are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the limited data regarding the safety and systemic absorption of compounded topical medications.
  • To investigate the efficacy of compounded medications in dermatological treatment.

Main Methods:

  • This study focuses on reviewing existing literature and data.
  • Analysis of safety profiles and systemic absorption studies.
  • Evaluation of clinical outcomes and efficacy reports for compounded topical drugs.

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The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
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Main Results:

  • Current data on the safety and systemic absorption of compounded topical medications are insufficient.
  • Limited evidence exists regarding the efficacy of these unique, customized formulations.
  • Further research is needed to establish clear guidelines.

Conclusions:

  • There is a significant knowledge gap concerning the safety and efficacy of compounded topical medications in dermatology.
  • The lack of comprehensive data hinders evidence-based prescribing and patient safety.
  • Future studies should prioritize evaluating systemic absorption and therapeutic outcomes.