Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 16, 2025
Roughness Impact of Piezoelectric Dental Scaler on Two Distinct Flowable Composite Filling Materials
Published on: January 10, 2025
Efficacy of a U-Shaped Automatic Electric Toothbrush in Dental Plaque Removal: A Cross-Over Randomized Controlled
Michele Nieri1, Veronica Giuntini2, Umberto Pagliaro2,3
1Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Orthodontics, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50127 Firenze, Italy.
Background:
The aim of this single-use, four-treatment, four-period (visit), cross-over, mono-centered, examiner-blind, cross-over randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to evaluate the efficacy in dental plaque removal of a U-shaped automatic electric toothbrush (U) compared to a conventional powered toothbrush (P), a habitual toothbrushing procedure (H), and no brushing (N).
Methods:
Eligible participants were volunteer students. Primary outcome measure was the reduction in full-mouth plaque score (FMPS) after brushing. The secondary outcome variable was a visual analogic scale (VAS) on subjective clean mouth sensation. Mixed models were performed for difference in FMPS and VAS.
Results:
Twenty-two participants were randomized to the treatments in the four periods of the study. The differences between treatments in FMPS reduction after brushing were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The differences were statistically significant between the U and P groups (difference -48; 95% CI from -54 to -41) favoring the P group, and between the U and H groups (difference -45; 95% CI from -52 to -39) favoring the H group. On the contrary, the difference between the U and N groups was not significant (difference 5; 95% CI from -2 to 12) favoring the U group. The differences between treatments in clean mouth VAS was statistically significant (p < 0.0001) favoring the P and H groups.
Conclusions:
The U-shaped automatic electric toothbrush tested in this study proved to be not effective in removing dental plaque.
