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Homeless population: characterization and contextualization by census research.

Anai Adario Hungaro1, Aroldo Gavioli1, Rosangela Christóphoro1

  • 1Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.

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Summary

Homelessness is often driven by drug use and family conflicts. Factors like time on the street, gender, and drug use negatively correlate with homelessness, while age and income positively correlate.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Public Health
  • Urban Studies

Background:

  • Homelessness is a complex social issue with multifaceted causes.
  • Understanding the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of homeless populations is crucial for effective intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the characteristics of individuals experiencing homelessness.
  • To identify factors associated with prolonged street dwelling.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 701 homeless individuals in Maringá-Paraná between 2015 and 2018.
  • Data collected included sociodemographic information, living conditions, and drug use patterns.
  • Pearson's correlation test was employed to analyze variable associations at a 95% confidence level.

Main Results:

  • The study population comprised predominantly men (90.7%) with an average age of 37.7 years, experiencing homelessness for an average of 5.39 years.
  • A significant portion had limited education (54.2%).
  • Primary reasons for homelessness included drug use (47.2%) and family disagreements (38.9%).

Conclusions:

  • Drug use and family discord emerged as primary drivers of homelessness.
  • Negative correlations with homelessness were observed for time on the street, gender, and drug use.
  • Positive correlations were found with age, daily income, number of daily meals, prior incarceration, and having a source of income.